From Tradition to Revolution: Tracing the Evolution of Female Agency in Nationalist Discourses

Abstract

This article explores the evolution of female agency in nationalist contexts through a comparative analysis of two seminal literary characters: Bimala from Rabindranath Tagore's Ghare Baire and Rehana from Tahmima Anam's The Golden Age. Bimala, set against the backdrop of early 20th-century Bengal, symbolizes the constraints placed on women within nationalist movements, driven by patriarchal and symbolic roles. In contrast, Rehana, during the Bangladesh Liberation War, represents a modern evolution of female agency, characterized by active participation and strategic influence. Utilizing contemporary critical theories, this study reveals how these characters reflect and critique their respective historical and cultural contexts. The article highlights how Bimala’s limited agency underscores the historical constraints faced by women, while Rehana’s assertiveness illustrates a significant shift towards empowered female participation in nation-building. By integrating theoretical frameworks from scholars like Rita Felski and Georgina Waylen, and drawing parallels with current socio-political developments in Bangladesh, the study underscores the importance of literary texts by women in understanding historical experiences and the dynamic nature of female agency. This comparative analysis not only enriches our understanding of gender and nationalism but also demonstrates how literature narrates and influences historical change.