Between Dharma and Desire: Psychological Androgyny in the Plays of Mahesh Dattani

Abstract

This paper examines the plays of Mahesh Dattani, renowned contemporary Indian dramatist, through the lens of psychological androgyny, with special focus on the conflict between dharma defined as duty and collective ethical code—and individual desire, or the striving for self-expression and authenticity, within a modern context. By employing Sandra Bem’s theory of psychological androgyny, the study argues that Dattani portrays such characters through his plays, who embody a blend of masculine and feminine psychological traits. These characters act as ethical agents who subvert patriarchal and heteronormative expectations. By analysing selected plays such as “Bravely Fought the Queen” and “Dance Like a Man”, this paper argues that psychological androgyny is a catalyst for ethical agency, allowing characters to reinterpret dharma through the lens of emotional integrity and self-awareness. This paper contributes to literary and cultural criticism by situating psychological androgyny as a critical framework for understanding Indian dramas, ethics, and gender identity in a rapidly changing society.